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Ape da miele (apis mellifera ligustica) Honeybees (Apis mellifera ligustica) are essential pollinators in both ecosystems and agriculture and its practices. However, their populations are declining due to various factors, including exposure to pesticides. Despite their importance, their reproductive castes, particularly drones, remain poorly studied in terms of pesticide effects. Particular attention was paid to fungicides widely used in agriculture and which, according to popular belief, are not harmful to the protection of bees and pollinators in general. Fungicida a base di azossistrobina e pubblicizzato come "selettivo e tutelante gli impollinatori" To study the effects of azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin on honeybee drones, the drones were exposed to different concentrations of azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin for 14 days; drone survival and body weight, as well as reproductive organs, sperm concentration, and nutrient content, were assessed. This study demonstrated that exposure to both fungicides caused a significant reduction in drone survival, with survival rates progressively decreasing as the duration of exposure increased. Compared to the control group, the body weights of drones in all treatment groups were significantly lower at days 7 and 14 of life. Nutrient analysis revealed that low concentrations of azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin increased protein levels, while free fatty acid content decreased significantly in all treatment groups. No significant changes in total carbohydrate content were observed. Fungicida ad ampio spettro a base di picossistrobina utilizzato per il trattamento del frumento (tenero e duro), orzo, segale, ecc. Morphological examination of the reproductive organs showed that the lengths of the mucous glands and seminal vesicles in the drones were significantly shorter in the treatment groups than in the control group. Furthermore, exposure to azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin caused a significant decrease in sperm concentration in the drones. These results indicate that azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin have a negative effect on the health and reproductive capacity of honeybee drones . This study provides new insights into the adverse effects of azoxystrobin and picoxystrobin on honeybee drones. The significant impact on survival, body weight, nutrient content, reproductive organs, and sperm concentration emphasizes the need to reassess the risks posed by these fungicides to pollinators. Given the crucial role of drones in preserving the genetic diversity and resilience of honeybee colonies, these findings have significant implications for beekeeping and agricultural practices. Future research should focus on clarifying the mechanisms underlying these effects and exploring potential strategies to mitigate the impact of fungicides on pollinator health. Furthermore, long-term studies are needed to assess the cumulative impact of fungicide exposure on bee populations and colony dynamics. Published: July 24, 2025 Full text: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/15/1590 Authors: Wenlong Tong 1,†, Lizhu Wang 1,†, Bingfang Tao 1, Huanjing Yao 1, Huiping Liu 2,3, Shaokang Huang 1,4 Jianghong Li 1,4, Xiaolan Xu 1,4 and Xinle Duan 1,2,4,* 1 College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 3 College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 4 Fujian Honey Bee Biology Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fuzhou 350002, China

Scopri cosa dicono i clienti su ESA Regine. Leggi le recensioni di chi ci ha già scelto They say about us They say about us They say about us They say about us Renzo Queen purchase Queen purchased in October following a sudden orphanage. One of the very few beekeepers in Italy who supplies queens even in late autumn. Impeccable packaging, truly top-notch. Queen accepted without issue: after 15 days, fresh brood evenly distributed across two frames. Thank you so much! Richard Active Queen Very satisfied, the new queen was well received by the family! She arrived very healthy and very quickly. Luciana Ligurian Queens Thank you for your prompt and timely delivery. Since it's September, I was worried they wouldn't accept it, but everything went well. They're importing pollen, which is a good sign. I hope they can create young bees before winter. Thanks! Alexander Reliable I thank Davide and his staff for their customer service, the speed with which I shipped the various queens I purchased at the end of the season (Bergamo province), which arrived within a day, and the excellent packaging that preserved their integrity. I will definitely buy from him again, as I haven't had a single problem. Antonino Very good The guys at Esa Regine are super helpful. Shipping is fast and the queens are truly beautiful. It's not the first time I've bought from them and everything has always gone perfectly. What can I say? Highly recommended. Alexander High level Excellent queens. High levels of egg laying and nectar collection. Lello Show After a few months, all the queens have formed solid, well-populated hives, starting with a small brood/bees and using very little feed initially. The colonies are all very calm and can be inspected with great confidence. Fabien Top J'ai pris plusieurs reines super qualité 👍 Flavio Serious and professional company Really top queens. Prompt delivery and suitable packaging for transport. The free gift was also appreciated. After 2 days the queens were already laying eggs in abundance. 5.0 average rating is 5 out of 5 Alles Supper 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻 Rainer Dohlich 16 Nov 2025 2026 REGINA LIGUSTICA F1 - feconda Aggiungi al carrello 5.0 average rating is 5 out of 5 Top J’ai pris plusieurs reines super qualité 👍 Fabien 29 Aug 2025 2026 LIGUSTICA - Api Regine vergini Aggiungi al carrello Reviews Search by product: Sort Reviews By : 5.0 average rating is 5 out of 5 based on 2 reviews These are just some of the reviews our customers leave on our website every day, reflecting on their experience with our bees. We work constantly to offer our customers bees raised and selected according to rigorous standards so they can reach their full potential. We offer after-sales support to build a relationship of trust between beekeepers and us, the breeders at ESA Regine. "Every bee carries within itself the mechanism of the universe: each one summarizes the secret of the world." - Michel Onfray

ESA Regine dispone di un laboratorio aziendale per le analisi morfometriche delle api e per le ricerche microbiologiche di batteri, virus e funghi. Questo ci permette di offrire il meglio del nostro lavoro. Business analysis laboratory: morphometry and microbiology In line with our vision, we have deemed it essential to equip our company with an internal laboratory with computerized equipment to carry out morphometric analyses of bee wings in order to identify the various subspecies of Apis mellifera spp. with an average precision of 95.8%, and equipment to be able to analyse the various pathologies related to infections caused by bacteria, viruses and bee parasites. This has allowed us to have full awareness of our bee park and to carry out a targeted selection in order to have pure, healthy lines to be used subsequently in the various crosses to select genetics in line with our vision. We then use accredited laboratories to send bee samples or hive matrices for analysis, for which official certifications are required. Breeding of female lines In a dynamic breeding program, new female lines of interest enter every year and lines of little interest leave. This allows us to refine our company selection year after year, using breeders that meet the standards of the breeding program. Breeding of male lines The selection of male lines is of great importance in our breeding to achieve appreciable results. Only those families of interest from which we intend to take genetic traits are stimulated to produce male brood. Once laid, the male combs are removed and given to other families for breeding. From here also arises a selection for the swarming character, because if in one family the aptitude is lowered, in several others the pre-swarming intervention threshold is raised. Instrumental Insemination Instrumental Insemination allows us to have the certainty of the male and female lines for a replicability of the crosses with an increase in the possibility of obtaining appreciable results in a shorter time. Performed within our laboratory by our Company Technician and Beekeeping Expert, Davide Simeone, protocols are guaranteed for semen collection, insemination of the queens and subsequent insertion of the queens into the respective colonies so that both drones and queens undergo the least possible stress in order to maintain the quality of the inseminated queens.

La nostra visione dell'apicoltura, dall'amore per le api alla sostenibilità per il futuro APIS ENGINEERING BIODIVERSITY OUR PHILOSOPHY "APIS FOR A CHANGING WORLD" “Bees for a changing world”, this is our vision. The fundamental principles through which this vision passes are that bees and humans are an integral part of nature, and as such subjected to the same evolutionary dynamics. It is undeniable that over the last 150 years, anthropocentric activities have led to a radical change in the climate and territories where bees carry out their function of balancing biodiversity. Our role as bee "lovers" is to raise awareness among the human species to respect the bees themselves, to introduce them to the wonderful world of bees and their usefulness, so that there is a reversal of the trend aimed at sustainable coexistence between bees and men. On the other hand,our role as “TO farmers" requires us to "direct" our bees towards an evolutionary path that is sustainable within an anthropocentric environment and that manages to give other beekeepers bees that are still of economic interest. Where economic interest disappears we would witness a gradual decline in professional beekeeping and a rapid decimation of honey bee species. In order to have appreciable results shared by other professionals around the world, we cannot ignore the constant acquisition of new knowledge. The constant 360° study of bees and interfacing with other beekeepers is essential to increasingly improve our work. Coupling Areas protected, separation and management of the lines of apis mellifera both for the maternal line and for the paternal line, crossings of the various lines, selection, and instrumental insemination are the techniques that allow us to accompany our bees on an evolutionary path, without ever "forcing them ”. Our selection is oriented towards the adaptability and dynamism of our bees in relation to climate changes so that there is a considerable reduction in nutritional stress and consequently an increase in the average level of immune defenses which positively influences the hygienic/health level of the hives . This allows us to havebees less subject to the effects of viruses and bacteria, typical of the hive, and consequently more docile to manage and better performing from the point of view of prolificacy and productivity. “Neque mansueti, neque feri” (Pliny the Elder), and therefore it will always be a challenge… but we like challenges… we areBeekeepers with passion .